Which of the following is a risk associated with the use of isotretinoin in women of childbearing age?

The use of isotretinoin in women of childbearing age is associated with a significant risk of birth defects. Isotretinoin, a retinoid used primarily to treat severe acne, has been well-documented in clinical studies to cause severe fetal malformations if taken during pregnancy. These malformations can affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal structure.

Because of this high risk, stringent pregnancy prevention programs are often implemented for women of childbearing age who are prescribed isotretinoin. These programs typically require women to undergo pregnancy tests before and during treatment and to use effective forms of contraception, both to prevent pregnancy and to protect fetal development.

While other options also describe potential concerns in pediatrics or maternal-fetal health, they do not capture the specific and well-established risk of congenital anomalies directly tied to isotretinoin exposure. Birth defects remain the primary concern due to the teratogenic effects of the medication during critical periods of fetal development.