What is the primary benefit of administering a surfactant to a preterm infant?

Administering surfactant to a preterm infant primarily enhances lung function and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension within the alveoli in the lungs, allowing them to expand more easily during inhalation. Preterm infants often lack adequate levels of surfactant due to immature lungs, which can lead to difficulties in breathing and low oxygen levels due to the collapse of alveoli.

By providing surfactant therapy, oxygen exchange is improved, supporting better respiratory function. This intervention is critical in preventing or alleviating the symptoms of RDS, which is one of the most common complications in preterm births. Administering surfactant has been shown to decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and lower mortality rates associated with RDS, making it a vital therapeutic approach in neonatal care for premature infants.